Wireless (WI-FI) adalah teknologi tanpa kabel, dalam hal ini adalah melakukan telekomunikasi dengan menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik sebagai media perantara pengganti kabel. Dewasa ini teknologi wireless berkembang sanat pesat sekali, secara kasat mata dapat kita lihat dengan semakin banyaknya penggunaan telepon sellular, disamping itu berkembang juga teknologi wireless yang digunakan untuk akses internet.
Sedangkan sejarah wireless itu sendiri pertama kali muncul pada akhir tahun 1970-an. IBM mengeluarkan hasil percobaannya dalam merancang WLAN dengan teknologi IR, perusahaan lain seperti Hewlett-Packard (HP) untuk menguji WLAN RF. Kedua perusahaan ini hanya mencapai 100 Kbps data rate. Karena mereka tidak memenuhi standar IEEE 802-1 Mbps LAN yang bukan produk yang dipasarkan. Baru pada tahun 1985, (FCC) menetapkan pita Industrial, Scientific dan Medis (ISM band) yaitu 902-928 MHz, 2.400-2483,5 MHz dan 5725-5850 MHz tidak terlisensi, sehingga pengembangan WLAN komersial memasuki tahapan serius. Kemudian tahun 1990 WLAN dapat dipasarkan dengan produk yang menggunakan teknik spektrum tersebar (SS) pada pita ISM, terlisensi frekuensi 18-19 GHz dan teknologi IR dengan data rate > 1 Mbps.
Pada tahun 1997, sebuah lembaga independen bernama IEEE membuat spesifikasi atau standar WLAN pertama adalah kode 802,11. Peralatan yang sesuai standar 802,11 dapat bekerja pada frekuensi 2,4 GHz, dan kecepatan transfer data (throughput) teoritis maksimal 2Mbps.
Selanjutnya pada bulan Juli 1999, IEEE mengeluarkan spesifikasi baru bernama 802.11b kembali. Teori kecepatan transfer data yang dapat mencapai maksimum adalah 11 Mbps. Kecepatan transfer data yang sebanding dengan Ethernet tradisional (IEEE 802,3 10Mbps atau 10Base-T). Peralatan yang menggunakan standar 802.11b juga bekerja pada frekuensi 2,4 GHz. Salah satu kekurangan peralatan wireless yang bekerja pada frekuensi ini adalah potensi gangguan dengan cordless phone, microwave oven, atau peralatan lain yang menggunakan gelombang radio pada frekuensi yang sama.
Hampir pada waktu yang bersamaan, spesifikasi IEEE 802.11a yang menggunakan teknik berbeda. Frekuensi yang digunakan 5 Ghz, dan mendukung kecepatan transfer data hingga 54Mbps teoritis maksimum. Gelombang radio yang dipancarkan oleh peralatan 802.11a relatif sulit untuk menembus dinding atau penghalang lain. Jarak untuk mencapai gelombang radio yang relatif pendek dibandingkan 802.11b. Secara teknis, 802.11b tidak kompatibel dengan 802.11a. Namun, saat ini cukup banyak pabrik hardware yang membuat peralatan yang mendukung kedua standar itu.
Pada tahun 2002, IEEE membuat spesifikasi baru yang dapat menggabungkan kelebihan 802.11b dan 802.11a. Spesifikasi kode 802.11g yang bekerja pada frekuensi 2,4 GHz dengan teori kecepatan transfer data hingga 54Mbps. Peralatan 802.11g kompatibel dengan 802.11b, sehingga dapat saling komunikasi. Misal, sebuah komputer yang menggunakan jaringan kartu 802.11g dapat memanfaatkan akses point 802.11b, dan sebaliknya.
Yang terakhir tahun 2006, teknologi 802.11n dikembangkan dengan menggabungkan 802.11b dan 802.11g. Teknologi yang dibawa dikenal dengan sebuah istilah MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) merupakan teknologi terbaru Wi-Fi. MIMO dibuat berdasarkan spesifikasi Pre-802.11n. The "Pre-" menyatakan "Prestandard versi 802.11n." MIMO menawarkan peningkatan throughput, keunggulan reabilitas, dan meningkatkan jumlah klien Anda tersambung. Tembus MIMO kekuasaan penghalang lebih baik dari lingkup yang lebih luas. Access Point MIMO dapat menjangkau berbagai perlatan Wi-Fi di setiap sudut kamar yang sudah ada. Secara teknis MIMO lebih unggul dibandingkan pendahulunya 802.11a/b/g. Access Point MIMO dapat mengenali gelombang radio yang dipancarkan adapter Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/g. MIMO mendukung kompatibilitas mundur dengan 802,11a/b/g. Peralatan Wi-Fi MIMO dapat menghasilkan kecepatan transfer data 108Mbps.
Demikian postingan kali ini yang membahas tentang pengertian singkat tentang wireless dan sejarahnya. semoga bermanfaat... ^_^
Friday, March 29, 2013
Cara Memisahkan Bandwidth Lokal IIX dan Internasional di Mikrotik
Cara Memisahkan Bandwidth Lokal IIX dan Internasional di Mikrotik

Jika anda ingin membagi bandwidth di Mikrotik beda antara local dan internasional,contoh client1 bandwidth untuk Lokal (seperti yahoo.co.id itu local)1 Mbps dan Internasionalnya (seperti yahoo.com itu internasional)512 Kbps,berikut ini caranya:
- Remote Mikrotik anda dengan Winbox kemudian pilih “New Terminal”
- Topologi interface saya:
- public:interface yang mengarah ke internet (Modem)
- local:interface yang mengarah ke client
- Selanjutnya Masih di “New Terminal”,copy address list di bawah ini kemudian pastekan di “New Terminal” mikrotik:
/ip firewall address-list
add list=nice address="1.2.3.4"
remove [find list="nice"]
add list=nice address="182.0.0.0/12"
add list=nice address="114.120.0.0/13"
add list=nice address="120.168.0.0/13"
add list=nice address="114.56.0.0/14"
add list=nice address="120.166.0.0/15"
add list=nice address="125.162.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.163.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.160.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.161.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.166.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.167.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.164.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.165.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="223.164.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.251.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.250.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.249.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.248.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.254.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.253.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.252.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="120.163.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.243.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="120.162.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.242.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="120.161.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.241.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="120.160.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.247.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.246.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.245.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="180.244.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="117.54.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="124.81.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="222.124.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="61.94.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="118.96.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="118.97.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="167.205.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="110.139.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="110.138.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="110.137.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="110.136.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="202.158.0.0/17"
add list=nice address="61.5.0.0/17"
add list=nice address="124.195.0.0/17"
add list=nice address="180.240.128.0/17"
add list=nice address="118.98.0.0/17"
add list=nice address="202.155.0.0/17"
add list=nice address="120.165.0.0/17"
add list=nice address="119.11.128.0/17"
add list=nice address="125.252.64.0/18"
add list=nice address="118.99.64.0/18"
add list=nice address="152.118.128.0/18"
add list=nice address="152.118.192.0/18"
add list=nice address="152.118.0.0/18"
add list=nice address="152.118.64.0/18"
add list=nice address="221.132.192.0/18"
add list=nice address="125.208.128.0/18"
add list=nice address="124.153.0.0/18"
add list=nice address="222.165.192.0/18"
add list=nice address="61.14.128.0/18"
add list=nice address="203.130.192.0/18"
add list=nice address="203.192.128.0/18"
add list=nice address="210.210.128.0/18"
add list=nice address="202.147.0.0/18"
add list=nice address="202.152.0.0/18"
add list=nice address="202.173.64.0/19"
add list=nice address="203.100.128.0/19"
add list=nice address="114.199.96.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.171.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.47.192.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.169.32.0/19"
add list=nice address="117.102.224.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.149.128.0/19"
add list=nice address="122.152.128.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.149.64.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.146.224.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.155.128.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.82.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="61.247.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="61.247.32.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.94.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.94.32.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.94.64.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.94.96.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.94.128.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.94.160.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.94.192.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.95.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.95.32.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.95.64.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.95.96.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.95.128.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.95.160.0/19"
add list=nice address="111.95.192.0/19"
add list=nice address="114.79.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="114.79.32.0/19"
add list=nice address="117.102.96.0/19"
add list=nice address="117.104.192.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.98.160.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.98.192.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.136.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.136.32.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.136.64.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.136.96.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.136.128.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.136.160.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.136.192.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.136.224.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.137.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.137.32.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.137.64.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.137.96.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.137.128.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.137.160.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.137.192.0/19"
add list=nice address="118.137.224.0/19"
add list=nice address="120.164.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="123.231.224.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.43.160.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.46.64.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.53.224.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.77.96.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.137.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.148.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.150.64.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.153.224.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.154.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.154.32.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.159.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.159.32.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.159.64.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.159.96.0/19"
add list=nice address="202.162.192.0/19"
add list=nice address="203.123.224.0/19"
add list=nice address="203.128.64.0/19"
add list=nice address="203.153.96.0/19"
add list=nice address="219.83.0.0/19"
add list=nice address="219.83.32.0/19"
add list=nice address="27.50.16.0/20"
add list=nice address="27.124.80.0/20"
add list=nice address="49.128.176.0/20"
add list=nice address="60.253.96.0/20"
add list=nice address="61.8.64.0/20"
add list=nice address="110.5.96.0/20"
add list=nice address="111.68.112.0/20"
add list=nice address="111.94.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="111.95.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="113.212.112.0/20"
add list=nice address="114.134.64.0/20"
add list=nice address="114.199.80.0/20"
add list=nice address="115.124.64.0/20"
add list=nice address="116.213.48.0/20"
add list=nice address="117.20.48.0/20"
add list=nice address="117.74.112.0/20"
add list=nice address="117.102.80.0/20"
add list=nice address="119.2.80.0/20"
add list=nice address="119.235.16.0/20"
add list=nice address="119.235.208.0/20"
add list=nice address="121.52.64.0/20"
add list=nice address="121.100.16.0/20"
add list=nice address="122.129.96.0/20"
add list=nice address="122.129.192.0/20"
add list=nice address="122.152.160.0/20"
add list=nice address="122.200.0.0/20"
add list=nice address="122.248.32.0/20"
add list=nice address="175.158.32.0/20"
add list=nice address="180.178.96.0/20"
add list=nice address="180.214.240.0/20"
add list=nice address="182.16.240.0/20"
add list=nice address="182.23.16.0/20"
add list=nice address="182.23.32.0/20"
add list=nice address="182.23.160.0/20"
add list=nice address="182.48.160.0/20"
add list=nice address="183.91.64.0/20"
add list=nice address="184.86.64.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.3.208.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.6.208.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.6.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.46.144.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.47.64.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.51.192.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.51.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.58.64.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.58.160.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.58.192.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.59.160.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.62.16.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.65.112.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.67.32.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.69.96.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.70.48.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.72.208.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.73.112.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.73.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.75.96.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.78.192.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.80.112.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.80.208.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.87.176.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.89.208.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.92.192.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.93.16.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.93.32.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.93.128.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.93.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.95.128.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.122.160.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.123.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.127.96.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.138.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.143.32.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.145.0.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.147.192.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.150.128.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.152.160.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.152.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.153.16.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.165.32.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.169.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="202.182.48.0/20"
add list=nice address="203.77.224.0/20"
add list=nice address="203.78.112.0/20"
add list=nice address="203.83.32.0/20"
add list=nice address="203.89.16.0/20"
add list=nice address="203.161.16.0/20"
add list=nice address="203.166.192.0/20"
add list=nice address="210.57.208.0/20"
add list=nice address="210.79.208.0/20"
add list=nice address="210.247.240.0/20"
add list=nice address="219.83.80.0/20"
add list=nice address="219.83.96.0/20"
add list=nice address="220.157.96.0/20"
add list=nice address="223.25.96.0/20"
add list=nice address="223.27.144.0/20"
add list=nice address="27.112.64.0/21"
add list=nice address="27.121.80.0/21"
add list=nice address="27.123.0.0/21"
add list=nice address="27.131.0.0/21"
add list=nice address="27.131.248.0/21"
add list=nice address="49.156.56.0/21"
add list=nice address="58.65.240.0/21"
add list=nice address="60.253.112.0/21"
add list=nice address="110.35.80.0/21"
add list=nice address="110.44.168.0/21"
add list=nice address="110.50.80.0/21"
add list=nice address="110.76.144.0/21"
add list=nice address="111.68.24.0/21"
add list=nice address="111.94.240.0/21"
add list=nice address="112.78.40.0/21"
add list=nice address="112.78.136.0/21"
add list=nice address="112.78.144.0/21"
add list=nice address="112.78.168.0/21"
add list=nice address="112.78.176.0/21"
add list=nice address="112.109.16.0/21"
add list=nice address="113.20.136.0/21"
add list=nice address="113.212.160.0/21"
add list=nice address="114.31.240.0/21"
add list=nice address="114.110.16.0/21"
add list=nice address="114.110.40.0/21"
add list=nice address="114.141.48.0/21"
add list=nice address="114.141.88.0/21"
add list=nice address="115.69.216.0/21"
add list=nice address="115.85.64.0/21"
add list=nice address="115.124.80.0/21"
add list=nice address="115.178.48.0/21"
add list=nice address="115.178.120.0/21"
add list=nice address="116.0.0.0/21"
add list=nice address="116.50.24.0/21"
add list=nice address="116.66.200.0/21"
add list=nice address="116.68.248.0/21"
add list=nice address="116.90.208.0/21"
add list=nice address="116.197.128.0/21"
add list=nice address="116.212.72.0/21"
add list=nice address="116.254.96.0/21"
add list=nice address="117.102.160.0/21"
add list=nice address="117.103.32.0/21"
add list=nice address="117.103.48.0/21"
add list=nice address="117.103.168.0/21"
add list=nice address="117.121.200.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.2.40.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.2.48.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.2.72.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.10.176.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.47.88.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.82.224.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.110.64.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.110.80.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.235.248.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.252.104.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.252.128.0/21"
add list=nice address="119.252.160.0/21"
add list=nice address="120.29.152.0/21"
add list=nice address="120.136.16.0/21"
add list=nice address="120.164.40.0/21"
add list=nice address="121.50.32.0/21"
add list=nice address="121.52.48.0/21"
add list=nice address="121.52.136.0/21"
add list=nice address="121.58.184.0/21"
add list=nice address="121.101.128.0/21"
add list=nice address="122.49.224.0/21"
add list=nice address="122.129.112.0/21"
add list=nice address="122.144.0.0/21"
add list=nice address="122.152.184.0/21"
add list=nice address="122.200.48.0/21"
add list=nice address="122.200.144.0/21"
add list=nice address="123.108.8.0/21"
add list=nice address="123.255.200.0/21"
add list=nice address="124.6.32.0/21"
add list=nice address="124.66.160.0/21"
add list=nice address="124.158.128.0/21"
add list=nice address="175.45.184.0/21"
add list=nice address="175.103.32.0/21"
add list=nice address="175.106.8.0/21"
add list=nice address="175.106.16.0/21"
add list=nice address="175.111.112.0/21"
add list=nice address="175.176.160.0/21"
add list=nice address="180.211.88.0/21"
add list=nice address="182.23.8.0/21"
add list=nice address="182.23.48.0/21"
add list=nice address="182.255.0.0/21"
add list=nice address="183.91.80.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.43.248.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.46.0.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.46.24.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.51.16.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.51.120.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.51.208.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.57.0.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.57.24.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.58.176.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.59.200.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.67.8.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.73.104.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.74.72.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.87.248.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.91.8.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.91.24.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.122.8.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.129.184.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.133.0.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.134.0.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.138.240.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.146.128.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.146.176.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.147.248.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.150.168.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.152.248.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.153.128.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.153.144.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.158.136.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.162.32.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.164.216.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.169.240.0/21"
add list=nice address="202.173.16.0/21"
add list=nice address="203.80.8.0/21"
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add list=nice address="114.4.16.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.4.21.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.4.35.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.4.44.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.4.47.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.5.1.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.5.5.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.6.8.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.6.14.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.30.86.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.129.18.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.141.57.0/24"
add list=nice address="114.141.60.0/24"
add list=nice address="115.124.90.0/24"
add list=nice address="115.166.123.0/24"
add list=nice address="116.12.40.0/24"
add list=nice address="116.12.43.0/24"
add list=nice address="116.68.165.0/24"
add list=nice address="116.68.168.0/24"
add list=nice address="116.90.161.0/24"
add list=nice address="116.90.165.0/24"
add list=nice address="116.90.168.0/24"
add list=nice address="116.193.188.0/24"
add list=nice address="116.199.205.0/24"
add list=nice address="117.18.17.0/24"
add list=nice address="117.18.20.0/24"
add list=nice address="117.102.72.0/24"
add list=nice address="117.103.11.0/24"
add list=nice address="118.91.128.0/24"
add list=nice address="119.82.237.0/24"
add list=nice address="119.82.239.0/24"
add list=nice address="119.82.247.0/24"
add list=nice address="119.110.74.0/24"
add list=nice address="119.110.79.0/24"
add list=nice address="120.89.92.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.1.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.25.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.29.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.35.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.40.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.42.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.45.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.62.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.84.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.91.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.52.129.0/24"
add list=nice address="121.101.190.0/24"
add list=nice address="122.102.47.0/24"
add list=nice address="122.102.52.0/24"
add list=nice address="123.108.97.0/24"
add list=nice address="123.176.124.0/24"
add list=nice address="123.176.127.0/24"
add list=nice address="124.158.141.0/24"
add list=nice address="152.158.247.0/24"
add list=nice address="175.103.49.0/24"
add list=nice address="175.103.50.0/24"
add list=nice address="175.103.60.0/24"
add list=nice address="180.92.212.0/24"
add list=nice address="180.150.232.0/24"
add list=nice address="180.150.244.0/24"
add list=nice address="180.214.234.0/24"
add list=nice address="180.233.119.0/24"
add list=nice address="180.233.153.0/24"
add list=nice address="182.16.160.0/24"
add list=nice address="182.253.2.0/24"
add list=nice address="192.5.5.0/24"
add list=nice address="192.8.8.0/24"
add list=nice address="192.23.186.0/24"
add list=nice address="193.194.194.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.1.236.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.3.14.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.4.179.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.4.185.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.9.69.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.9.85.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.10.36.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.10.39.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.10.44.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.10.61.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.12.75.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.14.255.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.37.120.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.45.149.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.46.12.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.46.129.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.47.80.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.47.88.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.51.100.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.51.108.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.51.113.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.51.220.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.52.50.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.52.52.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.52.131.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.52.132.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.55.162.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.55.172.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.57.14.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.58.124.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.59.192.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.59.198.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.59.255.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.61.96.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.61.126.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.65.227.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.70.136.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.70.138.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.72.196.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.72.202.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.72.206.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.74.43.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.75.22.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.75.31.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.81.32.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.81.49.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.87.245.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.93.245.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.94.80.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.95.144.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.95.147.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.124.203.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.124.205.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.135.5.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.135.16.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.135.23.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.137.225.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.137.230.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.146.142.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.147.230.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.147.234.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.150.164.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.151.8.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.152.192.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.152.199.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.152.243.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.152.244.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.152.246.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.153.159.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.154.179.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.154.183.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.154.185.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.154.187.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.158.129.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.158.252.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.160.254.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.162.44.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.167.97.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.169.248.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.171.233.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.179.186.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.180.7.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.180.10.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.180.13.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.180.14.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.180.48.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.180.51.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.182.166.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.182.170.0/24"
add list=nice address="202.182.189.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.1.25.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.14.176.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.14.183.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.17.21.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.19.4.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.77.212.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.77.220.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.77.223.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.77.255.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.79.29.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.89.148.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.99.98.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.99.119.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.99.120.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.99.123.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.99.127.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.119.13.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.119.17.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.119.112.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.134.234.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.134.238.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.142.72.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.146.33.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.153.49.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.160.128.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.163.76.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.163.81.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.171.221.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.173.89.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.173.90.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.190.51.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.190.188.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.194.90.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.196.90.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.207.52.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.207.55.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.207.59.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.209.190.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.210.83.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.210.87.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.215.48.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.215.50.0/24"
add list=nice address="203.217.140.0/24"
add list=nice address="210.23.68.0/24"
add list=nice address="216.244.94.0/24"
add list=nice address="218.100.70.0/24"
add list=nice address="219.83.70.0/24"
add list=nice address="223.255.229.0/24"
add list=nice address="223.255.230.0/24"
- Selanjutnya klik / kemudian tekan ENTER pada keyboard anda
- Untuk melihat address listnya,di halaman utama winbox pilih “Ip” kemudian “Firewall” kemudian “Address List” seperti gambar di bawah ini:
- Kemudian kembali di “New Terminal” winbox ketik printah berikut di “New Terminal” winbox,perintahnya:
Keterangan:
Perhatikan interface local di bawah saya beri warna merah,jika nama interface anda yang mengarah ke client beda namanya tinggal anda tukar local dengan nama interface yang mengarah ke client anda:
Perhatikan interface local di bawah saya beri warna merah,jika nama interface anda yang mengarah ke client beda namanya tinggal anda tukar local dengan nama interface yang mengarah ke client anda:
/ip firewall mangle add chain=prerouting in-interface=local \
dst-address-list=nice action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=conn-lokal \
passthrough=yes
Selanjutnya:
/ip firewall mangle add chain=prerouting connection-mark=conn-lokal \
action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=packet-lokal passthrough=no
Selanjutnya:
/ip firewall mangle add chain=prerouting action=mark-packet \
new-packet-mark=packet-internasional passthrough=no
Selanjutnya:
/ip firewall mangle add chain=output action=mark-packet \
new-packet-mark=packet-internasional passthrough=no
- Selanjutnya buat simple queue limit untuk ip address client1,di bawah ini ip address 192.168.0.5 hanya contoh nya saja,silahkan tukar ip address sesuai dengan keinginan anda,ketik perintah di bawah ini di “New Terminal”,perintahnya:
/queue simple add name="client1_lokal" target-addresses=192.168.0.5/32 \
dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 interface=all parent=none packet-marks=packet-lokal \
direction=both priority=8 queue=default-small/default-small limit-at=0/0 \
max-limit=512000/512000 total-queue=default-small
Selanjutnya untuk internasional:
/queue simple add name="client1_internasional" target-addresses=192.168.0.5/32 \
dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 interface=all parent=none \
packet-marks=packet-internasional direction=both priority=8 \
queue=default-small/default-small limit-at=0/0 max-limit=1000000/1000000 \
total-queue=default-small
Hasilnya seperti gambar di bawah ini,jika anda ingin merubah limit tinggal double klik dan ubah limitnya sesuai selera anda:
- Selanjutnya untuk test bandwidth internasional bisa di tes di www.speedtest.net hasilnya sepeti gambar di bawah ini:
- Di bawah ini traffic di Mikrotik untuk internasionalnya:
- Selanjutnya Untuk test bandwidth local bisa anda test di www.bm.speed.net.id hasilnya seperti gambar di bawah ini:
- Di bawah ini Traffic mikrotik untuk lokalnya:
N T P
Network Time Protocol (NTP) adalah sebuah protokol untuk sinkronisasi jam-jam sistem komputer di atas paket-switching, variabel-latency jaringan data. NTP menggunakan UDP pada port 123 sebagai lapisan transport. Ini dirancang khusus untuk melawan efek variabel laten dengan menggunakan jitter buffer. NTP juga mengacu pada referensi implementasi software yang didistribusikan oleh Proyek Pelayanan Publik NTP.
NTP merupakan salah satu tertua protokol internet masih digunakan (sejak sebelum 1985). NTP ini awalnya dirancang oleh Dave Mills dari University of Delaware, yang masih mempertahankan itu, bersama dengan tim relawan.
NTP menggunakan algoritma Marzullo, dan termasuk dukungan untuk fitur-fitur seperti lompatan detik. NTPv4 can usually maintain time to within 10 milliseconds (1/100 s) over the public Internet , and can achieve accuracies of 200 microseconds (1/5000 s) or better in local area networks under ideal conditions. Biasanya dapat mempertahankan NTPv4 waktu ke dalam waktu 10 milidetik (1 / 100 s) melalui publik internet, dan dapat mencapai akurasi dari 200 mikrodetik (1 / 5000 s) atau lebih baik dalam area lokal jaringan di bawah kondisi ideal.
NTP provides Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) . NTP menyediakan Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). No information about time zones or daylight saving time is transmitted; this information is outside its scope and must be obtained separately. Tidak ada informasi mengenai zona waktu atau daylight saving time ditularkan; informasi ini di luar lingkup dan harus diperoleh secara terpisah. In isolated LANs, NTP could in principle be used to distribute a different time scale (eg local zone time), but this is uncommon. Dalam LAN terisolasi, NTP pada prinsipnya dapat digunakan untuk mendistribusikan skala waktu yang berbeda (misalnya zona waktu lokal), tapi ini jarang terjadi.
Rincian operasional NTP yang ditetapkan dalam RFC 778, RFC 891, RFC 956, dan RFC 1305. Pelaksanaan rujukan saat ini adalah versi 4 (NTPv4); Namun, pada 2005, hanya versi hingga 3 (1992) telah didokumentasikan dalam RFC. The Internet Engineering Task Force NTP Working Group,standardisasi karya komunitas NTP sejak penerbitan RFC 1305.
Yang kurang pelaksanaan NTP kompleks, dengan menggunakan protokol yang sama namun tanpa memerlukan penyimpanan negara selama waktu yang lama, dikenal sebagai Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP). Hal ini digunakan dalam beberapa perangkat embedded dan aplikasi mana akurasi tinggi waktunya tidak diperlukan (RFC 1361, RFC 1769, RFC 2030 dan RFC 4330).
Hanya beberapa masalah keamanan telah diidentifikasi dalam pelaksanaan referensi dari basis kode NTP di 25 + tahun sejarahnya. NTP sendiri telah mengalami revisi dan peninjauan atas seluruh sejarah; tidak ada kelemahan keamanan yang pernah dilaporkan yang telah dilacak ke spesifikasi NTP.
Saat ini basis kode untuk implementasi referensi keamanan telah menjalani audit dari beberapa sumber selama beberapa tahun sekarang, dan tidak ada yang dikenal berisiko tinggi kerentanan dalam perangkat lunak dirilis saat ini.
Network Time Protocol (NTP) adalah sebuah protokol untuk sinkronisasi jam-jam sistem komputer di atas paket-switching, variabel-latency jaringan data. NTP menggunakan UDP pada port 123 sebagai lapisan transport. Ini dirancang khusus untuk melawan efek variabel laten dengan menggunakan jitter buffer. NTP juga mengacu pada referensi implementasi software yang didistribusikan oleh Proyek Pelayanan Publik NTP.
NTP merupakan salah satu tertua protokol internet masih digunakan (sejak sebelum 1985). NTP ini awalnya dirancang oleh Dave Mills dari University of Delaware, yang masih mempertahankan itu, bersama dengan tim relawan.
NTP menggunakan algoritma Marzullo, dan termasuk dukungan untuk fitur-fitur seperti lompatan detik. NTPv4 can usually maintain time to within 10 milliseconds (1/100 s) over the public Internet , and can achieve accuracies of 200 microseconds (1/5000 s) or better in local area networks under ideal conditions. Biasanya dapat mempertahankan NTPv4 waktu ke dalam waktu 10 milidetik (1 / 100 s) melalui publik internet, dan dapat mencapai akurasi dari 200 mikrodetik (1 / 5000 s) atau lebih baik dalam area lokal jaringan di bawah kondisi ideal.
NTP provides Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) . NTP menyediakan Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). No information about time zones or daylight saving time is transmitted; this information is outside its scope and must be obtained separately. Tidak ada informasi mengenai zona waktu atau daylight saving time ditularkan; informasi ini di luar lingkup dan harus diperoleh secara terpisah. In isolated LANs, NTP could in principle be used to distribute a different time scale (eg local zone time), but this is uncommon. Dalam LAN terisolasi, NTP pada prinsipnya dapat digunakan untuk mendistribusikan skala waktu yang berbeda (misalnya zona waktu lokal), tapi ini jarang terjadi.
Rincian operasional NTP yang ditetapkan dalam RFC 778, RFC 891, RFC 956, dan RFC 1305. Pelaksanaan rujukan saat ini adalah versi 4 (NTPv4); Namun, pada 2005, hanya versi hingga 3 (1992) telah didokumentasikan dalam RFC. The Internet Engineering Task Force NTP Working Group,standardisasi karya komunitas NTP sejak penerbitan RFC 1305.
Yang kurang pelaksanaan NTP kompleks, dengan menggunakan protokol yang sama namun tanpa memerlukan penyimpanan negara selama waktu yang lama, dikenal sebagai Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP). Hal ini digunakan dalam beberapa perangkat embedded dan aplikasi mana akurasi tinggi waktunya tidak diperlukan (RFC 1361, RFC 1769, RFC 2030 dan RFC 4330).
Hanya beberapa masalah keamanan telah diidentifikasi dalam pelaksanaan referensi dari basis kode NTP di 25 + tahun sejarahnya. NTP sendiri telah mengalami revisi dan peninjauan atas seluruh sejarah; tidak ada kelemahan keamanan yang pernah dilaporkan yang telah dilacak ke spesifikasi NTP.
Saat ini basis kode untuk implementasi referensi keamanan telah menjalani audit dari beberapa sumber selama beberapa tahun sekarang, dan tidak ada yang dikenal berisiko tinggi kerentanan dalam perangkat lunak dirilis saat ini.
UPNP
Universal Plug and Play adalah sebuah system pnp yang dapat digunakan secara universal atau meluas dimana di mana dan untuk apa saja. Memang benar, UPnP adalah sebuah teknologi yang akan memungkinkan anda untuk memasang perangkat-perangkat keperluan anda dengan ‘sangat’ mudah dan dapat menyatukannya menjadi sebuah jaringan perangkat yang tentunya akan lebih memudahkan hidupa anda. Teknologi ini pertama kali dipromosikan oleh vendor operating system terbesar di dunia, yaitu Microsoft yang bekerja sama dengan UPnP forum.
Beda antara uPnP dengan PnP yang lama
Disinilah bedanya, teknologi UPnP dan PnP memang sama-sama dapat memudahkan anda dalam menggunakan perangkat computer, namun sebenarnya keduanya sangat berbeda dari segi teknologi dan penggunaannya ke depan. Universal PnP dapat dikatakan sebagai perpanjangan tangan dari APnP karena teknologi ini memiliki scope dan jangkauan yang lebih luas dalam bekerja, dibandingkan dengan PnP lama.
Jika teknologi PnP hanya dapat melayani dalam penambahan perangkat baru di internal PC, UPnP dapat melayani anda lebih dari itu. Tidak hanya perangkat di internal PC saja, tetapi UPnP memberikan kemudahan sampai ke tingkat jaringan local yang anda miliki. Perangkat-perangkat yang dapat terkoneksi ke jaringan seperti printer jaringan, Internet gateway hardware, media penyimpanan jaringan dan perangkat elektronik lainnya, maka dengan UPnP anda tidak akan kesulaitan lagi memasang dan mengkonfigurasinya.
Teknologi ini memiliki system discovery dan control terhadap perangkat atau servis yang terkoneksi ke dalam jaringan tersebut. Jadi apabila anda menambahkan sesuatu ke dalam jaringan anda, jika perangkat tersebut dilengkapi dengan UPnP anda dapat langsung menemukannya. Interkoneksi atar perangkat pun dapat terjalin dengan mudah.
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) adalah protocol yang memungkinkan untuk topology IP-Fault-Tolerant. Seperti halnya Cisco proprietary protocol HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol), konsep VRRP yang dikembangkan oleh IEEE ini memiliki tujuan yang sama yaitu REDUNDANCY. Fungsi VRRP itu sendiri adalah menyediakan backup gateway, sehingga apabila primary gateway (master) failed traffic akan dilewatkan ke secondary gateway (backup). Pada topology dibawah ini 2 box srx 240 digunakan sebagai master dan backup gateway.
SRX240 (R4 ) Master
set interfaces ge-0/0/1 unit 0 family inet address 12.12.12.11/24 vrrp-group 1 virtual-address 12.12.12.1
set interfaces ge-0/0/1 unit 0 family inet address 12.12.12.11/24 vrrp-group 1 priority 200
set interfaces ge-0/0/1 unit 0 family inet address 12.12.12.11/24 vrrp-group 1 accept-data
set interfaces ge-0/0/1 unit 0 family inet address 12.12.12.11/24 vrrp-group 1 track interface ge-0/0/2 priority-cost 150
set interfaces ge-0/0/2 unit 0 family inet address 2.2.2.1/30
set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 6.6.6.6/32
set interfaces vlan unit 0 family inet address 192.168.1.1/24
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface ge-0/0/2.0
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface ge-0/0/1.0
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.0
set security forwarding-options family mpls mode packet-based
SRX240 R2 (BackUp)
set interfaces ge-0/0/1 unit 0 family inet address 12.12.12.10/24 vrrp-group 1 virtual-address 12.12.12.1
set interfaces ge-0/0/1 unit 0 family inet address 12.12.12.10/24 vrrp-group 1 priority 101
set interfaces ge-0/0/1 unit 0 family inet address 12.12.12.10/24 vrrp-group 1 accept-data
set interfaces ge-0/0/2 unit 0 family inet address 1.1.1.1/30
set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 7.7.7.7/32
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface ge-0/0/1.0
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface ge-0/0/2.0
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.0
set security forwarding-options family mpls mode packet-based
EX3200 (R1)
set interfaces ge-0/0/0 unit 0 family inet address 1.1.1.2/30
set interfaces ge-0/0/1 unit 0 family inet address 2.2.2.2/30
set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 5.5.5.5/32
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface ge-0/0/0.0
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface ge-0/0/1.0
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface ge-0/0/5.0
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.0
Router R4 pada saat normal atau tanpa terputus
Router R4 pada saat R4-R1 di putus
Router R2
Sumber : http://3netcamp.wordpress.com/2012/04/09/vrrp/
BGP-Peer, Memisahkan Routing dan Bandwidth Management
melakukan BGP-Peer ke BGP Router Mikrotik Indonesia untuk melakukan pemisahan gateway untuk koneksi internet internasional dan OpenIXP (NICE). Setelah pemisahan koneksi ini dilakukan, selanjutnya akan dibuat queue untuk tiap klien, yang bisa membatasi penggunaan untuk bandwidth internasional dan OpenIXP (NICE).
Beberapa asumsi yang akan dipakai untuk kasus kali ini adalah :
- Router memiliki 3 buah interface, yang masing-masing terhubung ke gateway internasional, gateway OpenIXP (NICE), dan ke network klien.
- Untuk koneksi ke OpenIXP (NICE), router milik Anda harus memiliki IP publik.
- Untuk klien, akan menggunakan IP private, sehingga akan dilakukan NAT (network address translation)
- Mikrotik RouterOS Anda menggunakan versi 2.9.39 atau yang lebih baru, dan mengaktifkan paket routing-test
Jika Anda menghadapi kondisi yang tidak sesuai dengan parameter di atas, harus dilakukan penyesuaian.
PENGATURAN DASAR
Diagram network dan konfigurasi IP Address yang digunakan pada contoh ini adalah seperti gambar berikut ini.
Untuk mempermudah pemberian contoh, kami mengupdate nama masing-masing interface sesuai dengan tugasnya masing-masing.
[admin@MikroTik] > /in pr Flags: X - disabled, D - dynamic, R - running # NAME TYPE RX-RATE TX-RATE MTU 0 R ether1-intl ether 0 0 1500 1 R ether2-iix ether 0 0 1500 2 R ether3-client ether 0 0 1500 |
Konfigurasi IP Address sesuai dengan contoh berikut ini. Sesuaikanlah dengan IP Address yang Anda gunakan. Dalam contoh ini, IP Address yang terhubung ke OpenIXP (NICE) menggunakan IP 202.65.113.130/29, terpasang pada interface ether2-iix dan gatewaynya adalah 202.65.113.129. Sedangkan untuk koneksi ke internasional menggunakan IP Address 69.1.1.2/30 pada interface ether1-intl, dengan gateway 69.1.1.1.
Untuk klien, akan menggunakan blok IP 192.168.1.0/24, dan IP Address 192.168.1.1 difungsikan sebagai gateway dan dipasang pada ether3-client. Klien dapat menggunakan IP Address 192.168.1-2 hingga 192.168.1.254 dengan subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
Jangan lupa melakukan konfigurasi DNS server pada router, dan mengaktifkan fitur "allow remote request".
Karena klien menggunakan IP private, maka kita harus melakukan fungsi src-nat untuk kedua jalur gateway.
[admin@MikroTik] > /ip fi nat pr Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic 0 chain=srcnat out-interface=ether1-intl action=masquerade 1 chain=srcnat out-interface=ether2-iix action=masquerade |
CEK: Pastikan semua konfigurasi telah berfungsi baik. Buatlah default route pada router secara bergantian ke IP gateway OpenIXP (NICE) dan internasional. Lakukanlah ping (baik dari router maupun dari klien) ke luar network Anda secara bergantian.
PENGATURAN BGP-PEER
Pertama-tama, pastikan bahwa Anda menggunakan gateway internasional Anda sebagai default route, dalam contoh ini adalah 69.1.1.1. Kemudian Anda perlu membuat sebuah static route ke mesin BGP Mikrotik Indonesia, yaitu IP 202.65.120.250.
Lalu periksalah apakah Anda bisa melakukan ping ke 202.65.120.250. Periksalah juga dengan traceroute dari router, apakah jalur pencapaian ke IP 202.65.120.250 telah melalui jalur koneksi yang diperuntukkan bagi trafik OpenIXP (NICE), dan bukan melalui jalur internasional.
Kemudian, Anda harus mendaftarkan IP Address Anda di website Mikrotik Indonesia untuk mengaktifkan layanan BGP-Peer ini. Aktivasi bisa dilakukan di halaman ini. IP Address yang bisa Anda daftarkan hanyalah IP Address yang bisa di-ping dari mesin kami, dan juga harus sudah diadvertise di OIXP. Aturan selengkapnya mengenai penggunaan layanan ini bisa dibaca di halaman ini. Setelah Anda mendaftarkan IP Address Anda, jika semua syarat sudah terpenuhi, Anda akan diinformasikan bahwa aktivasi layanan BGP-Peer Anda sudah sukses. Selanjutnya Anda bisa melihat status layanan BGP Anda di halaman ini.
BGP Router Mikrotik Indonesia akan menggunakan IP Address 202.65.120.250 dan AS Number 64888, dan Router Anda akan menjadi BGP Peer dengan menggunakan AS Number 64666.
Berikutnya adalah langkah-langkah yang harus Anda lakukan pada router Anda. Pertama-tama Anda harus membuat beberapa prefix-list untuk BGP ini. Untuk prefix yang akan Anda terima, untuk alasan keamanan dan hematnya agregasi routing, maka Anda perlu melakukan setting untuk menerima hanya prefix 8 hingga 24. Prefix 0 sampai 7, dan 25 sampai 32 akan Anda blok. Prefix ini kita berinama prefix-in. Untuk prefix-in yang accept, harap diperhatikan bahwa Anda perlu menentukan gateway untuk informasi routing ini, yaitu IP gateway OpenIXP (NICE) Anda. Dalam contoh ini adalah 202.65.113.129. Gantilah IP ini sesuai dengan gateway OpenIXP (NICE) Anda.
Sedangkan karena sifat BGP-Peer ini hanya Anda menerima informasi routing saja, di mana Anda tidak dapat melakukan advertisement, maka harus dilakukan blok untuk semua prefix yang dikirimkan, dan kita beri nama prefix-out.
Berikut ini adalah konfigurasi prefix list yang telah dibuat.
Tahap selanjutnya adalah konfigurasi BGP instance. Yang perlu di-set di sini hanyalah AS Number Anda, pada kasus ini kita menggunakan AS Number private, yaitu 64666.
Dan langkah terakhir pada konfigurasi BGP ini adalah konfigurasi peer. AS Number BGP Router Mikrotik Indonesia adalah 64888 dan IP Addressnya adalah 202.65.120.250. Karena kita sulit menentukan berapa hop jarak BGP Router Mikrotik Indonesia dengan Router Anda, maka kita melakukan konfigurasi TTL menjadi 255. Jangan lupa mengatur rule prefix-in dan prefix-out sesuai dengan prefix yang telah kita buat sebelumnya.
Setelah langkah ini, seharusnya BGP Router Mikrotik sudah dapat terkoneksi dengan Router Anda. Koneksi ini ditandai dengan status peer yang menjadi "established" dan akan dicantumkan pula jumlah informasi routing yang diterima. Anda juga bisa mengecek status peer ini dari sisi BGP Router Mikrotik Indonesia dengan melihat pada halaman ini.
Cek pula pada bagian IP Route, seharusnya sudah diterima ribuan informasi routing, dan pastikan bahwa gatewaynya sesuai dengan gateway OpenIXP (NICE) Anda, dan berada pada interface yang benar, dalam contoh ini adalah "ether2-iix".
Jika semua sudah berjalan, pastikan bahwa penggunaan 2 buah gateway ini sudah sukses dengan cara melakukan tracerute dari router ataupun dari laptop ke beberapa IP Address baik yang berada di internasional maupun yang berada di jaringan OpenIXP (NICE).
C:>tracert www.yahoo.com Tracing route to www.yahoo-ht2.akadns.net [209.131.36.158] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 192.168.1.1 2 1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 69.1.1.1 3 222 ms 223 ms 223 ms 157.130.195.13 4 222 ms 289 ms 222 ms 152.63.54.118 5 226 ms 242 ms ^C C:>tracert www.cbn.net.id Tracing route to web.cbn.net.id [210.210.145.202] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 192.168.1.1 2 1 ms <1 ms 1 ms 202.65.113.129 3 11 ms 12 ms 127 ms 218.100.27.218 4 21 ms 41 ms 21 ms 218.100.27.165 5 22 ms 24 ms ^C |
PENGATURAN BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT
Setelah semua routing dan BGP Peer berjalan dengan baik, yang perlu kita lakukan sekarang adalah mengkonfigurasi bandwidth management. Untuk contoh ini kita akan menggunakan mangle dan queue tree.
Karena network klien menggunakan IP private, maka kita perlu melakukan connection tracking pada mangle. Pastikan bahwa Anda telah mengaktifkan connection tracking pada router Anda.
Untuk masing-masing trafik, lokal dan internasional, kita membuat sebuah rule mangle connection. Dari connection mark tersebut kemudian kita membuat packet-mark untuk masing-masing trafik.
[admin@MikroTik] > /ip firewall mangle print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 chain=forward out-interface=ether1-intl
src-address=192.168.1.2 action=mark-connection
new-connection-mark=conn-intl
passthrough=yes
1 chain=forward out-interface=ether2-iix
src-address=192.168.1.2 action=mark-connection
new-connection-mark=conn-nice
passthrough=yes
2 chain=forward connection-mark=conn-intl
action=mark-packet
new-packet-mark=packet-intl passthrough=yes
3 chain=forward connection-mark=conn-nice
action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=packet-nice
passthrough=yes
|
Untuk setiap klien, Anda harus membuat rule seperti di atas, sesuai dengan IP Address yang digunakan oleh klien.
Langkah berikutnya adalah membuat queue tree rule. Kita akan membutuhkan 4 buah rule, untuk membedakan upstream / downstream untuk koneksi internasional dan lokal.
[admin@MikroTik] > queue tree print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid
0 name="intl-down" parent=ether3-client
packet-mark=packet-intl limit-at=0
queue=default priority=8 max-limit=128000
burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
1 name="intl-up" parent=ether1-intl
packet-mark=packet-intl limit-at=0
queue=default priority=8 max-limit=32000
burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
2 name="nice-up" parent=ether2-iix
packet-mark=packet-nice limit-at=0
queue=default priority=8 max-limit=256000
burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
3 name="nice-down" parent=ether3-client
packet-mark=packet-nice limit-at=0
queue=default priority=8 max-limit=1024000
burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
|
Besarnya limit-at / max-limit dan burst bisa Anda sesuaikan dengan layanan yang dibeli oleh klien.
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